Sleeve gastrectomy, also known as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), is a popular weight loss surgery that involves the removal of approximately 75-80% of the stomach. The procedure results in a sleeve-shaped stomach that restricts food intake and helps individuals with obesity achieve significant weight loss. This procedure is typically recommended for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) of 40 or higher, or those with a BMI of 35 and obesity-related health conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, or sleep apnea.

How Sleeve Gastrectomy Works

During the procedure, a surgeon removes a large portion of the stomach, leaving behind a tube-like structure. The smaller stomach size limits food consumption and reduces hunger by lowering the production of ghrelin, the hormone responsible for appetite. Unlike gastric bypass surgery, sleeve gastrectomy does not involve rerouting the intestines, making it a less complex procedure.

Advantages of Sleeve Gastrectomy

1. Significant Weight Loss: Patients can lose 50-60% of their excess body weight within the first 12-18 months after surgery.
2. Reduced Hunger: With a smaller stomach and reduced ghrelin levels, patients feel full sooner and experience decreased appetite.
3. Improvement in Obesity-Related Conditions: Many patients see a significant improvement or even resolution of conditions such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, and sleep apnea.
4. No Foreign Objects: Unlike gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy does not require the implantation of a medical device.
5. Lower Risk of Malabsorption: Since the intestines remain intact, there is a lower risk of nutrient deficiencies compared to procedures like gastric bypass.
6. Minimally Invasive: The surgery is performed laparoscopically, leading to shorter hospital stays and faster recovery.

Disadvantages of Sleeve Gastrectomy

1. Irreversible Procedure: Unlike gastric banding, the removal of a portion of the stomach is permanent.
2. Potential for Acid Reflux: Some patients experience an increase in acid reflux or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) post-surgery.
3. Weight Regain: Although rare, some patients may regain weight if they do not adhere to dietary and lifestyle changes.
4. Surgical Risks: As with any surgery, risks such as infection, bleeding, or leaks from the staple line can occur.
5. Nutrient Deficiencies: Although less common than with gastric bypass, patients may still need vitamin and mineral supplements to prevent deficiencies.

Conclusion

Sleeve gastrectomy is an effective weight loss surgery that helps individuals with obesity improve their health and quality of life. However, it requires long-term commitment to dietary and lifestyle changes to maintain results. Consulting Dr. Amit Bansal today who has 14 years of experience.